Short answer: no, you do not have to feed treats at every step forever, but rewards should always be part of training.
The AKC says you never need to completely phase out treats and rewards, and that putting treats away is not proof the dog really knows the skill. It says rewards should always be part of training and compares it to not going to work for free. Dogs Trust says rewards can be a treat, praise or a toy, and that training with rewards helps build a positive bond and confidence.
Pay well in new places and around distractions. Reward less often once the skill is solid. See training treats and training that works at home but not at the park.
If your dog only works when they can see a treat, ask a qualified trainer to help you with timing.
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