You reach for the vacuum and your dog leaves the room. By the time the motor starts, they're hiding under a table. This isn't a test they need to pass while you finish the floors. Give them a comfortable place away from the machine, and do the cleaning without them in the room for now.
If your dog can settle with a chew behind a closed door, that may be enough of a cleaning routine. You do not have to train them to stand beside a running vacuum. If they panic even from another room, a veterinarian or qualified, reward-based behavior professional can help plan a gentler approach.
Separate the scary parts
A vacuum has several things going on at once: it appears, moves, and makes noise. Practice only one piece at a time. Put it in a room at a distance with the motor off. Let your dog notice it, then offer a treat or a short game. Let them move away. Don't roll the machine toward them or block their exit.
When the stationary vacuum is unremarkable, move it just a little with the motor off and reward relaxed behavior. On another day, start the motor briefly in a separate room, far enough away that your dog can still eat, play, and move normally. If they hide, tremble, freeze, or refuse a favorite treat, stop and make the next attempt easier. Work in short sessions instead of running the whole cleaner and hoping they adapt.
Once the sound and movement are comfortable separately, you can try a very brief, distant combination. Keep giving your dog the option of a quiet room. Many dogs will prefer that option forever, and that's fine.
A sudden new fear of familiar household sounds can also be worth a veterinary check, especially if your dog reacts to other noises or seems unwell. The useful measure is not whether they remain beside the vacuum, it is whether they can rest safely while the house gets cleaned. For more on calm practice around loud sounds, see the noise-fear guide, keep your dog apart from the vacuum during real cleaning
Sources: Dogs Trust: How to introduce a vacuum cleaner to your dog. Dogs Trust: What to do if your dog is scared of loud noises.