Short answer: usually your dog is trying to tell you something, or waiting for you to tell them something. Look at the whole dog before you decide what a stare means.
The AKC says there is no one-stare-fits-all answer, but most of the time dogs are either communicating with us or waiting for us to communicate with them. Dogs read us for information about what is going to happen next. A stare can also be learned: if the dog gets a bite of food for staring, they will do it again.
The AKC says staring can express both positive and negative emotions. A hard stare with other tense body language is a warning sign, and it advises asking for help if you see it. PDSA adds that dogs do not stare lovingly back the way people do. See dog body language.
If the stare is for food, see begging at the table. If your dog stares and then goes stiff, create distance and ask for help.
If a stare comes with growling or stiffness, ask a qualified, reward-based behavior professional.
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